Valve mechanism for engines and compressors.



110,880,324. PATENTED MAE. a, 1903. s. A.EEEVE. V VALVE MEGEANISM EOEENGINES AND GoMPEEssoEs.

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gw@ \E S .gm RMN NX/ITN 55555 ,im W MM No. 880,824. PATENTED MAR. 8,`1908.

8.8. REEVE. VALVE MBGH'ANISM P08 ENGINES AND 008088888088.

APPLIGATIoN FILED 8mm-2o 1001.

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No. 880,824. PATENTED MAR. 3, 1908.

S.' A. REEVE.

VALVE MECHANISM FOR ENGINES AND GOMPRESSORS,

1` r En EP .2 1 APPL QATION I-L s T o 901 xosnnnTs-snnn'r 4.

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No. 880,824. PATENTBII MAR. 8, 1908.

S. A. REEVE. VALVE MEGHANISM FOR ENGINES AND GOMPRESSORS.

APPLICATION FILED 889120, 1901.

1o SHEETS-SHEET 5.

No. 880,824. PATENTED MAR. s, 1908.

- s. A. RBEVE. l VALVE MEGHANISM FOR ENGINES AND GOMPRESSORS.

APPLICATION IILED SEPT. Z0, 1901.

` l0 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

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,jef/1 N0..880,824. PATENTED MAR. 3, 1908.

S. A. REEVE. VALVE MEGHANISM FOR ENGINES AND COM-PRESSORS.

APPLIUATION FILED SEPT. 2l), 1901.

10 SHEETS-SHEET 7.

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No. 880,824. f PATENTED MAR. 3, 1908. S. A. REEVB.

VALVE MBGHANISM FOR ENGINES AND COMPRSS-ORS.

APPLICATION lFILED SEPT.20, 1901.

10 SHEETS-SHEET. B.

IMA-:NTU R:

` 'PATBNTED MAR. a, 190B. s. A. REBVB.

VALVE MEGHANISM FOR ENGINES'AND GOMPRESSORS.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 20, 1901.

1o SHEETS-SHEET 9.

QS Q N l WITNESEEE.: N {Nw-.mmm

N'mso'zfi. PATENTBD MAR.3,1908.

s. A. REEVE.

VALVE MEGHANISM FOR ENGINES AND COMPRESSORS.

APPLIAIION FILED SEPT. 20 1901.

10 SHEETS-SHEET 10.

WWNEESE 5.' Lf, NysNTnFQ:

'UNITED ASTATES PATENT OFFICE.

SIDNEY A. REEVE, OF WORCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO CHARLES l".BROWN,

v TliUSTEE, OF READING, MASSACHUSET'IS.

VALVE MECHANISM FOR ENGINES AND COMPRESSORYS.

Application tiled September ZO. 1901. Serial NoK 75.819.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SIDNEY A. Reeve, of`

Worcester, in the county of Worcester and State of Massachusetts, haveinvented certain new and useful ln'lprovements in Valve Mechanism forEngines and Compressors, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to the control of valves having a baek-and-forthor reciproeating motion and es )ecially to such valves as nrc actuatedwholly'or partly by fluid pressure, although the invention is notentirely confined to that type. .lt has heretofore been a dillicultmatter to properly control the inertia of an automatic or semiauton'iatic reciprocating valve and cause it to act in propertime-relation or synehronism with the action of the iluid itself or ofother moving parts, such as the piston of\a compressor whose. inlet oroutlet thevalve con trols, and 1cdilliculty is multiplied when the valveis made o1" relatively large area and wide port-opening in pomparison'with the length oi its stroke.

My present invention overcomes many of the objections to automatic. orsemi-automatic valves by the employment ot' a valvecontrolling devicewhich involves the retardation and {inal arrest of the valve in. apositive and invariable manner independent of the nature of' thematerials ol' the retardin g (levier-.1, suchl as their resilience,compressibility, or other physical quality. This'device ineierably takesthe form ol' a link or links swung by the motion ol' the valveintopositions ol' greatest and least. mechanical' adi-'mirage'. and theuseful eli'ect may be enhanced hy a novel combination of such a link orlinks with spring mechanism which acts through the linkage to arrest thevalve ,at the extremity oi' its stroke and store power for starting thevalve on itsreturn stroke. With this controlling device I am enabled toemploy relatively large and heavy valves of to ri. stroke n nd w ideport-opening in compar isc-o 1on1 he total volume oi fluid hni'idled peror period oi' the apparatus to which the v @use is applied, as forexample 'an elasticelni'd pr; on cffnnprossor. The invention applies incnmpressws. pumps, steam-engines and other motors., liquid conduitsetc.v I have ln-fninzil'ter shown certain novel types of Specificationof Letters Patent.

Patented March 3, 1908.

valves, compressors and motors to which the invention is particularlyapplicable, but it may also be used with other types not hereinillustrated.

Ol the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specication,-Figure1 represents a longitudinal section of a compressor constructed inaccordance with m invention. Fig. 2 represents a section on ine 2 2 ofFig. 1. Fig. $3 represents a section on the .line 3 3 of Fig. 2 at thecrank end of the cylinder. Fig. 4 represents a corresponding sectiontaken at the head end. Fig. 5 represents a section on line 5-5 ofFig. 1. Figs. 6 and 7 represent detailsections corresponding to Fig. 1,showing different positions of the devices for controlling the barrelvalve. Fig. 8 represents a detail section, showing a modified form ofthese devices. Fig. 9 represents an axial section of the head end of acompressor, showing a modified mechanism for controlling the dischargevalve. Fig. 10 represents asection on line 10-10 of Fig. 9. Figs. 11 and12 represent views similar to Figs. 9 and 10, showing anothermodication. Fig. 13 represents a side elevation of a steam engineprovided with my valve mechanism. Fig. 14 represents an axial sectionthrough the cylinder. Figs. 15, 16, and 17 represent sections on thecorrespondingly numbered lines of Fig. 14.. Fig. 18 represents a detailsectional view corresponding to Fig. 14, showing a different position ofthe parts. Fig. 19 represents a slde elevation of the exhaust valve andits controlling mechanism. Fig. `2() represents a side elevation,showing a modified form of mechanism for .operating the trip devices forthe admission valves. Fig. 21 represents a detail axial section, showinga modified device for operating the admission valves. Fig. 22 representsa side elevation, showing means for governing the trip mechanism. Fig.23 represents a. perspective view of part of said governing mechanism.Fig; 24 represents aside elevation, showing a different means forgoverning the trip mechanism. Fig. 25 re resents a. side elevation,showing still snot er means f or performing such governing. Fig. 26represents an axial section of'an engine having modlcd cut-oilarrangements. 31g. 27 represents a section on line #f7-#27 of 215 views,showing different positions of the parts illustrated in Fig. Li.'

. The same reference characters indicate the same parts in all of thefigures. i Referring-at first to Figs. 1 toV 12 inclusive, whichrepresent my invention as adapted to a compressor which I shall refer toin this description as an air-compressor, for'` the 'urpose ofillustration only, 1 represents a ved. outer casing having removableheads 2, 2

containing discharge chambers 3, 3 which inj both this and the -motorforms of my inven tion I term generically f pressure chambers or headchambers. The said casing 1- .has guides 4, 4 for a cylindrical barrel 5in Which the piston 6 operates, said piston being c'onnected to ap1stonrod 7 passing through astuffing-box 8 in one of the heads V2 and'reci rocated from a crank-shaft 9. Outside e the barrel 5 is a suctionchamber 10 containing a cooling coil 11.. The barrel 5 acts as theadmission valve and is moved a lim# ited distance in its guides at thebeginning of each stroke of thepiston 'by the friction ofIthepiston-rings 12, 12against the barrel, so as toalternately open thelopposite' ends of the cylinder `space in closed by the barrel to thesuction chamber 10.` 'This barrel-is none seating, that is itdoes notbring up( against astop or seat at lthe end of its stro e. 4The pressureof the pistonrings 12 is regulated so th'at their friction pre-dominatesover the friction ofthe barrel-rings 13, 13.

14, 14 are guides or short cylinders forming fixed extensions of `theWalls of the main cylinder, in which are mounted dischar e.

valves 15, 15 havin the form of short dis like istonsf The is'chargevalve 15 at the hea end of the cylinder forms the Whole of the endrwallof said cylinder. The valve 15 at the crank end, inaddition to beingguided by the 4cylinder Walls, is also shown as guidedon a tubularextension '16 off the head. 2, the said valve being annular in form. Forthe pur 'iose of reserving' the arallel movement o the discliargavalveseac valve 15 is hung on a series of radial levers 17, 17 pivoted'at 18,18 to the valve and engpged at .their inner ends with a central blocsaid levers-being fulcrumed at 20 on ,the

inner ends of adjustable stems or supportsl 21 Which may be movedin orVout to vary the normal position of rest of the valve 15.

22, 22 are links pivoted at 23, 23 to the back sidefof the valve 15 andat 24;,V 24 to 'filoatin levers 25, 25 Whose-: near. ends are pivote at26, 26 to the block' 19, While their remote ends are pivoted at 27, 27to the inner ends of radial springs 28, 28, the outer ends ofthe latterbeing attached tothe valve 15. Each pair oflinks 22, 25 constituteaatoggle adapted to straighten either, in radial or axial direction andeach link has a crank like swinging motion toward a deadspoint term"linkage and the preferred form-of such linkage is that in which two'links are combined into a toggle 'substantially as described. rlhesprings 28 are adapted to take either compression or tension and intheir natural length will hold the valve. 15 in an intermediate positionwith its first pack-- infr-ringV 29 just inside of the edge of thecylinder, substantially as shown in Fig. 1, so to just cut off thecylinder space from the discharge chamber 8. Between ,theblock 19 andthe back of the valve 15 is interposed spring() to cushion the outwardthrow of the valve. As the piston 6 moving on its compressing stroketoward either -discharge valve 15 creates Within the cylinder a ressureslightly above that in the dischargec 1amber`3,the spri11gs'28 arecornpressed and the valve opens, The great, area of the valve and themechanical ad# vVantage Which it possesses over the springs when thetoggles are straightening toward radial positionwould enable a veryslight excess of ressure in the cylinder to open the valve, liut inactual operation, when the pressure in the cylinder simply 'equals thedischarge pressure, the valve will alreadv be in motion outwardly andits inertia W' l serve to carry it over the cut-oil' position withlittle or no hel` from excess pressure. As the iiston s'lovvsi owntoward the end of its stro e, as thefiow of air becomes lessvigorous,and as the inertia of the valve is overcome, the springs 28 28aided by the spring 80, stop the valve and immediately start itback'tovvard cut-off position.. This drives out of the cylinder the airremaining between the piston and valve and reduces the effectiveclearance of the machine to practically zero. `As the piston and valvestart back together on the new piston-stroke, thesprings 28 28 will helpthe-valve until the point of cuteo'l is reached, after which they willtend to retard it. But the instant cut-oli' is effected, the mot-ion ofthe piston,l aided by any tendency on the part of the valve slow down,immediately reduces the pressure of the insignificant amount ofclearance-air entrapped between the two. -There will then act upon theback of the valve a force tending to draw it after the`4 piston which lsmany times greater than any of the forces which have been actin on it','d'liling the period of discharge and W 'ch at shock by tie action ofthe links-"22 25.

During the remainder' ofthe suctionstr'oke infinite. 'the springs by themovement of the valve to and some portion of the compression stroke thevalve hangs in its innermost position, the springs 28 being unable toovercome the great pressure in the discharge chamber, but as thecompression increases in the cylinder and tends to, equalize thedischarge pressure, the springs 28, owing to the great mechai'iicaladvantage Which they possess over the togglcs in the axial position ofthe latter, are able to start' the valve toward opening even though theybe relatively light springs. This approach toward opening is made withconstantly accelerating velocity as the compression more nearlyapproaches discharge pressure, and the prompt opening of the valve byitsowninertia is thus insured when the pressures become equal. r

-The springs, links and levers may be made lighter relatively to theoth'erparts than they are shown in the drawings, the disproportionateillustration being adopted for the sake of vclearness and compactness ofrepresentation. In this and subsequent formsof my invention it will beseen that the positions of the piston 6 and valves 15 overlap, that isto say, during alternate periods they or portions of them traverse thesame space. As the toggles straighten intoitheir axial position lwiththe inward or closing movement of the discharge-'valve 15they assume acondition of maximum mechanical advantage over the valve and wouldtherefore beI able to arrest the valve byra positive retardation withoutshock, even if the springs 28 were not present. The mechanical advan#tage of vthe toggles becomes infinite when thegyT are fullystraightened. The springs, however, acting through the toggles, modifyand improve this mechanical or positive cushioning action,vand it shouldbe noted that their mechanical advantage over the toggles is greatest atthe moment when that of the valve over the toggles is least, that is,when the togglcs are strai htened axially, or stated. otherwise, the mecianical advantage of the toggles over the valve and of the springs overthe toggles culminate at the same time. Theoretically the springs wouldbe able to prevent absolute straightening of the toggles, no'matter howgreat the inward pressure on 4 the valve, because at such time themechanical advantage of the springs is The power which is stored up inits inner extreme acts with great potency to start the valve on itsreturn movement as soon as the inwardly-acting forces are overcome. Thetoggles for the discharge-valves as here shown do not act in the sameway, that is with maximum mechanical advantage over the valves, inarresting the valves at their outward or port-opening limits, as theopening forces are of smaller magnitude than the closing forces and canbeotherwise handled as already described, but they might be made to soact and in the case of' the barrel admission-valve 5, now to beVdescribed, I have shown a toggle acting with maximum mechanicaladvantage over the valve and with minimum mechanical advantage over itsspring, at both extremes of the valves movement.

Referring tol Fig.. 1, the admission-valve 5 opens the suction chamber10 to the cylinder-space'to the left of the piston just after thebeginning of the right-handward stroke of said piston. To provide forits retention in closed position prior to that until the clearance-airhas fallen in pressure substantially to the pressure of the suctionchamber,

I locate the expansible packing-rings 1313 on the outside of thesuction-valve at each end thereof andbring the pressure of the clearancespace to the inner side of said rings through small ducts 31 31 .in thevalve. At the beginning of the vpiston-stroke (Fig. 1)the left-hand ring13, being lpressed' outwardly by the clearance pressure against the'valve guide 4, causes the valve tovstick in its extremeV closed positionuntil the excess clearance pressure is relieved by the piston 6 movingaway froml the discharge valve 15, after' which the suctionvalve is freeto open. These rings therefore 1' constitute a means controlled bythe'pressure withiny the barrel for retarding the initial movement ofthe barrel. y

Fulcrumed at 32 to the sides of the outer vcasing 1 is a forked lever 33which ispivoted at 34 to the barrel-valve 5 and hasits. free end pivotedat 35'to one end'of a -link or floating lever 36, The latter is guidedby a second link 37 pivoted at 38. to a lfixed support and at 39.to themiddle of the link 36.

The links. 36 37 form a toggle Whose links vare movableV through anglesof substantially 18()o s'o as to straighten said toggle in eitherdirection substantially parallel to the cylinder axis, which twopositions it'assumes ink the extreme positions of the barrel valve5..fIhe lower end of the lilik 36 moves in a line at right angles to thecylinder axis 'and is' pivoted at 4() to a small cross-head 41-operatingin -the bore of a cylinder '42. The lower end of`said cylinderhasaVpiston 43 moving with considerable leakage in the cylinder andconnected by a spring 44 with the cross-head 41. Said I,spring takeseither compression or tension and when the piston 43 resides againstavshoulder 45 which limits its upward movement, and the toggle isstraightened parallel tol the cyl inder axis, the spring is thenslightly in tension. In the head of the cylinder 42, which with thepiston 43 constitutes a dash-pot, is an outlet opening 46controlled by avalve 47 which is closed by a light spring 48.

Assuming the suction-valve 5 to be in its left-handmost position and thepiston 6 at Vleft-hand dead-center, the toggle 36 37 will then exerts atendency to bend the toggle and move the valve toward the right, whichtendency, however, Wiil be ineiiective until the piston h moved `iai'enough on its stroke to the right to reduce the clearance-pressure andrelieve the friction exerted by the expansible ring 13'on the guides e.4The spring 44 will then start the valve in motion toWaDd the right,aided by the friction of lthe piston 6 on the valve, which is sufficientto keep the valve moving and open it promptly. There is no obstructionto theI movement of the valve While the links 37 are passing theirmiddle position, shown n in Fig.` 6, for the downward movement fof thefcrosshead Zl1 transmitted through the spring 44 `to the piston-i3occurs freely,- ovving to the opening' of the valve 48 and thefreemovement of said piston intolthe end `of its cylinder. As

soon, however, asthe links pass their middle position, the pistonZ.LSattemptsto move out against a vacuum resistance caused by theclosing of the valve 48, andthe spring VLili is put under-tension.rlhejmechanical advantage remains with the barrel-valve until the latternears `the end of its stroke, When that of thespringpredommates and thelatter exerts a tendency to slow down the valve Aand .bring it toa stop.The positivi-)retardation 'of the valve near the end otits travel, dueto the motion of? the links. 36, 37,' would bring theyalve to a stopquietly and Without shock even. if the springs were'y not present, in amanner quite similar tothe arrest of'` the discharge valve 15 .bytheirtoggles as previously explained, ont the springs have the elect ofadding` a cushioning action. By, the term positive retardation "llintend to convey the idea of a positive mechanical cushion f such as ischaracteristic 'of the linkage and toggles described, ras distinguishedfrom a resilient cushion `s'uch'as that aiiorded by a spring,a"'dash`pot or the like, acting alone; While'the valve 5 is at rest atthe end of its stroke, the lealage past the piston 43 allows 'the latterto.` crawlxouttoits stop '45 and decreases the tension of the spring 44to the' amount desirable at. the beginning-oi` the return stroke oftheWorking-piston`.

Other devices`- `for arrestlng the barrelvalvevvith'out shock maybeadopted and in Fig. 8 Ihave shown a simple alternative -me'ch- 1anism` for this purpose `consisting of a piston 49 Whose rod 50 isconnected by elink. 51 to thelower end of the lever 33, ythe piston 49operating Withsome friction in acylindrical" `sleeve or barrel 52 Whichhas a limited movement in guides '53, 53 and is ada ted to abut yagainst either of two stop-sur aces 5,4, 54

which. then' seal its ends. The devicey is a modified double Vdash-potWhich permits the suction-valve 5to start on its stroke withoutresistance and interposes a yielding resistance at the ends of saidstroke to cushion the valve.

vlt Will be seen. that both the admission and discharge valves areoperated by the coiniressor piston, inthe Vformer case directly byirictin and in the latter case through the `medium oi: the iiuidcompressed between piston and valve.

Figs. 9 and 10 represent a inodiiiedform of mechanism for controllingfthe .dischargevalve. In this modification two toggles are shown similarin action to the togg es illusv trated in Fig. 1 and each composed oflinks 55 56 pivoted to eacli other, and to adjustable supports 21 andthe `valve 15 respectivelyvr The` extensions of the links are`conne'cted-pivotally to a rod 57 having an adjustable collar 58 between`which and the supports 21'21 are interposed springsiQ 59.

These springs in their natural length tend to h'old tne va ve 15 at itscut-oit position and When said valve is on either' side of said posi'-tion'y one of the springs is in compression and the other in tension,thus' tending `to return the valve to said position. 60 60 arelongitudinal springs adapted to cushion the extreme` outward. movementsof the valve and start it on its return.

In another modification shown in Figs. 11 and 12, the toggles 55 56 arein tangent planes and the rod S7/described in the preceding.modification is resolved into a rin'g 61 `attached to the free ends ofasubstantially Ulshaped leaf-spring 62 which is fixed to the head. 2 ofthe compression chamber and has the same action as the two sprin s 59 59in Figs. Q1-and 10. In Figs to 12 t e suctionvalves are not shown, butany suitable form of such valves may be provided.

Among the advantages oli my improved 'valve-mechanism as applied tocompressors are (1) simplicity and cheapness, since lathe- Work may belargely relied on to produce the Working parts; (2) com yactness,attained by Wrap ing onef the va ves around the cylinder; 3) very lovvclearance; (4) prompt and` of valves With absence ot revvideV openm owoffflid Which is charactersistance to isticgot ordinary automaticvalves; (5) very small travel of valves; (6) motive power for operatingthe valves supplied from' the pis;

.-ton; (7) proper Working at high speeds.

' The construction of a pump embodying my invention is ormaybesubstantially similar to that kof a compressor.

The main structural characteristics of the valve-mechanism abovedescribed for compressors areretamed in applying my invention to motors'of the steam-engine type, but

in such. motorsthe movable barrel becomes theexhaust or dischargevalveand the Inovable cylinder-head becomes the admission or steam valve, Thedifferences in mechanism relate principally to devices for controllingthe cut-off of the steam.

Referring to Figs. 13 to 1.9 inclusive, 1 is y rod passing through astuHng-box 8, and 9 (Fig, 13) is the crank-shaft driven by the piston,70 7() are exhaust-ports in the valve 5 adapted to register with eitherone of two sets of lixed ports 71 71 communicating with exhaust-chambers10 10 in the casing. The valve 5 may be arrested in either of its twoexhaust. positions by a mechanism'suc'h as that shown in Fig. '1 or thatshown .in Fig. 8,

or it may be controlled by a mechanism such x as shown in Figs. 17 and19, which involves the toggle principle and comprises a link or lever 72pivoted at 73 to the valve 5 and at -74 to a second link 75 which ispivoted at 76 to the wall of the outer casing 1.- The upper end of link72 is connected to the middle of a spring 77 whose ends are attached at78 78 to the casing.4 The toggle formed by the links 72 75 canstraighten into alinement parallel to the cylinder-axis eitherin doubledor extended form'according-as the valve 5 is at one extreme or the otherof its movement, and in so doing it brings the valve by a positiveretardation due. to the crank-like action of the links, to rest'quietlyand without shock.

The spring '7 7 in its natural length tends to hold the valve in itsmiddle positionand on either side4 of said position it possesses amechanical advantage over 'the valve and tends to start the valve atthefbeginning of a stroke 'of the working piston 6. 15 15 are thepiston-valves controlling the steam-admission and Jforming the cylinderheads, said valves being Guided in the outer ends of the movable barre 5and movable on either side of the cut-off lips or edges 178 178 of saidbarrel. a working stroke, say to the left as viewed in Fig. 14, itcarries ythe barrel-valve 5 to its'lefthandmost position and opens theleft-hand .set of exhaust ports, as shown, the other set of ports beingsimultaneously closed. rExhaust occurs lrom in front of the advancingpiston until the piston covers the left-han ports A70, when a quantityof cushion-'steam 1s entrapped between the iston and the admission valve15. As t is cushion-steam rises in pressure to or above the pressure ofthe live-steam in the inlet-chamber 3, the valveY 15 retreats and opensthe cylinder-- space to the live-steam chamber. The valve is caught andheld in open position by the engage'ment of-a latch 7'9 carried by thevalve with a trip-lever 80. The latch. is pivoted at 81 to the back ofthe valve and is normally held by a spring 82 in en agement with a fixedguide 83. -The latch as a lip o'r abut- 'As the plston lmoves out on.

until the trip-'lever is release the atch. oted to a guiding' link 85and at its upper end is pivoted to an oscillating arm 86 secured to atransverse rock-shaft 87 Which is provided outside of the casing 1 withan arm 88. Said arm 88 and a similar arm. 88 on the rockshaft 87 at theopposite end of the cylinder are oscillated in unison by connection witha rod 89 attached to a rock-lever 90, the latter connecting with the rod91 of an eccentric A92 on the crank shaft 9. The latches 79 andtrip-levers 8() at the crank end of the. c linder are shown in duplicateand lthe oscillating arms 86 -are placed on their shaft at a differentangle from the arm 86 at the head end so as to movetheir trips into-position to release their latches when the vtrip at the head end is inposition to engage lts latch, and vice versa.

' 93 93 are sprin 1s interposed between the heads 2 and the va ves 1'5to movethe valves into cut-oli" position when released. 94 95 are linksforming toggles connectin the valves 15 with the heads 2 and providedwith leaf-springs 96' 964 to'insure that the toggles shall break or bendwhen the proper time arrives for the valves to move outwardl Fig. 14showsthe piston 6 at left-hand n dead-center. As it moves out to theright on a new stroke the barrel-valve 5 is carried with it until theadmission port is wide open. The right-hand end of the 'c linder remainsopen to the exhaust, for as t e left-hand set o exhaust ports moves outof register the ri ht-hand set of ports moves into register. Ater thepiston has proceeded on its stroke a predetermined distance, theeccentric 92 lifts the left-.hand trip-lever 80 and releases the valve,and the latter, under the influence of the compressed sprin s 93 movessmartly to the right and overta es the edge ofbarrelvalve 5, thusefiectin a cut-off of steam. When-the cut-olf has een accomplished bythe slightest degree of completeness, the further motion of valve 15 tot eV right is insured by the immediate drop of ressure in the cylin`lder and the heavy over `alance of ressure which is thereby created onthe bac of the valve. The cut-ofi' is thereby immediately made secure bthe surfacing of all of the asking-rings o the valves 15 upon the barrelgeyond the edge 178 thereof, and the valve 15 is brought quietly to restby the action of the links 94 95. The piston 6 now completes .itscourse, expanding the steam in the cylinder, until it completelyoverruns the righthand exhaust orts, when exhaust takes laceethereby.reviously to that, the rightland end of -the cylinder had cushioned whenthe right-hand edge of the piston overran the assume a position ofmaximum mechanical advantage over the valve occurring atone extreme ofthe valves movement.

3. The combination of a reciprocating Huid-controlling backand forthbythe valve and capable of assuming a position of substantially infinitemechanical advantage thereover at one extreme of. the valves movement.

4. .A valvepvin combination with means for intermittentlu actuating thesame by a mov-y l 1n force of indeterminate time effect, and a vave-arresting lever device acting with increasing mechanical advantageover the valve as the valve approaches an cxtremeof its movement.

5. The combination with va relatively-reciprocating piston' andcylinder, of a reciproeating valve controlling an opening of saidcylinderand reaching its extreme positions independently of theidead-points of the piston, and linkage act `ated by the valve andadapted to arrest the'same with positive re-4 tardation` 6,'Areciprocating valve, linkage swung by the valve for arresting themovement thereof with positive A retardation, and a spring combined withsaid linkage, for 'moditying the action of said linkage on the valve.

7. A reciprocating valve, a spring, and linkage swung by the valve whosemechanical advantage over the valve and over the sprin varies inversely.f .8. n combination, areciprocating valve, 'a toggle, and a spring Whosemaximum eifect in resisting the straightening of the toggle 'coincideswith the maximum effect of t toggle in arresting the valve.

9. In a motor, compressor or pump, a cylinder and piston a reciprocatin'valve for opening and closing the interior o said cylinder, and a linkswung by the valve and connected to arrest the latter substantially at`dead-point of the link.

10. The combination of a.. reciprocating valve, and a toggle swung bythe valve and connected to arrest the latter substantially 'atV thelimit of straightening movement of ehanica the tog'le. 11. hecombination of a reciprocating valve, a spring for arresting said valve,and valve-o erated means for varying the meadvantage between said valveand spring.

'12. The combination of a reciprocating valve, a linkwung by the valveand connected to arrest the latter substantially at dead.- oint ofthelinkfand a spring connecte to resist the valve-arresting movement of.said link.

` 13. The-combination ofv a' reciprocating valve, a toggle swung by the.valve and connected to arrest the. latter substantially at the iimit -ofstraiglf'ytaning movement of the j valve, and linkage swung 14. ln amotor, compressor or pump, a

cylinder, a piston therein, a non-seating piston-valve in the end ofsaid cylinder movable by the fluid-pressure within the cylinder, 'andmechanism imposing a positive .retardation for arresting the inwardclosing movemcntof said valve.

l5. The combination of a reciprocating valve,r and a toggle-and-springmechanism.

yieldingly tending to hold. said valve in aposition intermediate betweenthe two eX- l tremes ofits movement.A

16. 1n a motor, compressor or pump, a working piston, a non-seatingpiston-valve movable parallel with said piston and constituting' thepiston-barrel, and means controlled by the pressure Within said barrelfor retarding the initial movement of the barret 17. In a motor,compressor or pump, working cylinder, a workmg piston therein, apiston-valve atthe end oi said cyllnder movable outwardly b y thecompression betwegnit and the piston, said valve and piston havingover-lapping positions, and a toggle arranged to arrest by itsstraightening move- Ament the inward movement of said valve.

18'. In a compressor or similar apparatus, a working cylinder, a Workingpiston therein, a discharge chamber, a piston dischargevalve movable bythe compression produced by said piston to open said chamber to thecylinder, and yielding means tending to hold said valve in a positionintermediate between the two extremes of its movement.

19. In acompressor or similar apparatus, a working cylinder, a Workingpiston therein, a discharge chamber, a piston dischargevalve movable bythe compression produced by said Apiston to open saidchamber to thecylinder, and a' toggle arranged to` arrest by its straighteningmovement the inward movement of said valve.

20. In a compressor or similar apparatus, a Working cylinderfworkingpiston therein, a discharge chamber, a piston discharge- .valve mov ableby the-compression produced by said piston to open said chamber tothecylinder, a toggle arranged to arrest by its straightening movement the'inwardmovement of said valve, and s r-ing mechanism associated with saidtogg e for .yieldingly resisting both its bending and straightenlngmovements.

21. In,a motor, working'piston, a piston-barrel constituting a valve,and a togglearranged to arrest by its vstrai`gh-tening movements themovements of said barrel in-both directions. 22. Ina motor, compressoror lpump, a Working piston, a piston-barrel constitutlin a valve, `atoggle'arran ed' toarrest byits straightening movemen s/ the movementsof compressor or pump, ai

lis`

y s eid b erre] in both directions, und spring meeheniein associatedwith said toggle and adapted Ato resist the straightening movementst|1ereof.,

253. In a'rnotor, compressor orpuinp, a

pressure in the Cylinder, levers having fixed ulorums end one armoi'eaoh plvoted to the valve, and a connection between the other armsoi. the levers, whereby said vave is guided to move in paraiieiisni.

cylinder and piston, a short disk-likepistonvalve for said cylindermovable bythe Huidpressure inthe cylinder, giudinglevers for said valve,toggles for arresting the valve, and` a central` connection between thetoggles and levers. 1

In testimony Whereoil I have affixed my' signature, in presence of twoWitnesses.

SIDNEY A. REEVE. Vitnesses M. PmRsoN, E. BMGHELDER.

26. In' a' motor ycom AJressor o1' nm a.,

